Treatment of an atresia ani et recti and urogenital agenesis in a calf

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to describe the surgical correction of anorectal and urogenital agenesis in a Holstein calf. Clinical examination revealed the absence of anal and urinary openings, testicles or vulvar openings, and suggested the possibility of atresia ani et recti. The complete blood count, blood gas analysis, and biochemistry were evaluated and revealed the presence of a mild respiratory acidosis with a pH of 7.29 and pCO2 level of 62.7 mmHg. The surgery was performed under general anesthesia. During the intraoperative exploration, it was noted that the internal genital organs were not developed and there was a band-like structure between the urinary bladder and the blind pouch colon. Defecation was achieved by performing a ventral colostomy. The band between the urinary bladder and the colon was separated from the colon, a Foley catheter was passed through it by blunt dissection, and it was made to act as the urethra. By using the band-like structure and the Foley catheter, a urethral opening was fashioned and placed caudal to the colostomy opening, which resulted in successful urination. A follow-up check-up after one week showed the calf had no urination or defecation problems and was in good condition. Four weeks later, the owner reported that the calf was doing well and gaining weight. Early surgical treatment can lead to successful outcomes in cases of intestinal atresia and urethral agenesis. The condition known as the imperforate anus, or atresia ani occurs when the anal membrane and perineal skin fail to break down during development, either alone or in combination with other defects. The aim of this study was to present a case of extraordinary atresia ani et recti and urogenital agenesis and its surgical treatment. In small farms, even one calf is important. It should also be considered that the breeder's emotional attachment to the calves may lead to a preference for treatment.